Quantitative assessment of the genetic risk of cardiovascular diseases of various nosologies

Myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, phlebothrombosis and pulmonary embolism risk

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Genetics at the core

Each type of cardiovascular diseases is determined by the contribution of various genes and environmental impacts. It has been shown that environmental factors play a greater role in the development of myocardial infarction than genetic ones, and phlebothrombosis and pulmonary embolism are largely determined by genes.

How does it work?

When calculating the risk of each nosology, we take into account the risk of both individual genes and risk gene complexes and can establish how many times the risk of each of the aforementioned nosologies is increased (if increased) in a person being tested.

Interaction of genes

It is known that the interaction of genes plays a major role in a genetic predisposition, and the effect of the combined influence of genes often exceeds the sum of their individual effects many times over. Therefore, we have analyzed the effect of combinations (complexes) of different gene variants on the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

How will it help me?

Genetic risk may or may not manifest itself depending on your lifestyle. Provoking factors include smoking, physical inactivity, excess weight and severe stress. In case of increased genetic risk, consult a doctor to make sure that your genetic risk has not begun to manifest itself and decide on prevention measures or therapy.

Genetic testing fees

Myocardial infarction risk

180 ^BYN

Testing of 9 myocardial infarction risk genes
Calculation of personal quantitative myocardial infarction risk
Professor's conclusion

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Myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation risk

270 ^BYN

Testing of 9 myocardial infarction risk genes
Testing of 14 atrial fibrillation risk genes
Calculation of personal quantitative myocardial infarction risk and atrial fibrillation risk
Professor's conclusion

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Риск инфаркта миокарда, фибрилляции предсердий, флеботромбоза и ТЭЛА

323 ^BYN

Testing of 9 myocardial infarction risk genes
Testing of 14 atrial fibrillation risk genes
Testing of 18 phlebothrombosis risk genes
Testing of 18 pulmonary embolism risk genes
Calculation of personal quantitative myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation risk
Professor's conclusion

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Offer a chance for genetic testing!!!. A gift certificate is a great and valuable thing!!! For more details, please contact us by phone.

FAQs

Is special preparation required before providing test material?

No, it is not necessary. There is no need to follow a diet or perform any other special actions before providing material for testing. Taking medications, alcohol etc. will not affect genetic testing results either.

How soon will test results be ready?

Up to 35 working days from the date of signing an agreement. In fact, much sooner: 2-3 weeks.

What do I need to have with me to submit material for testing?

You should have your passport and money on you. Minors must be accompanied by an adult.

What are your working hours?

Our working hours for clients with a booked appointment and providing test results.
On working days: Monday ‒ Thursday, from 9:00 till 17:30; on Fridays: from 9:00 till 16:30.
Days off: Saturday & Sunday.

What biological material is collected for testing and how?

For testing, buccal epithelium (epithelium of the inner part of your cheeks) is collected with a special cotton swab. It is done by a client himself or herself in the presence of a laboratory diagnostics doctor. Blood is not collected.

Can I send biological material for testing by post?

Yes, it is possible. Please follow the link for detailed instructions. The test results can be received in hard copy by mail to your home directly. Where DNA cannot be isolated from the sample provided, you will need to reimburse the cost of the reagents used.

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Accreditation

The Certificate of Conformity to STB ISO 9001-2015 No. BY/112 05.01. 077.01 00132 valid till December 3, 2026

License

License of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus for the right to provide medical services of June 17, 2011, No. 02040/6875

Certificate

Certificate of the Reference Institute for Bioanalytics, Bonn, Germany (Referenzinstitut für Bioanalytik, Bonn, Deutschland) issued on April 3, 2021

Functions of the studied genes

Vascular tone regulation genes

BDKRB2 (I/D) bradykinin β2 receptor gene
16.00 BYN
One of the main mediators of the bradykinin effect reducing vascular tone and promoting smooth muscle contraction. The I/I allele variant increases the risk of a myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, phlebothrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The presence of the D allele is associated with high gene expression and a more pronounced vasodilatory effect.

eNOS (G894T) endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene
25.00 BYN
It encodes an enzyme that determines a nitric oxide level in the wall of blood vessels; the T allele is associated with low endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, the risk of cardiovascular diseases’ development and high cardiac output during exercise.

HIF1A (C1772T) hypoxia-inducible factor
25.00 BYN
A transcription factor that ensures body’s adaptation to hypoxia, regulating the process of angiogenesis, vasomotor control, energy metabolism, erythropoiesis and apoptosis. The T allele is associated with the risk of CVD development. The strategy of choosing a therapy to increase HIF1A expression may induce angiogenesis in the ischemic myocardium.

MTHFR (А1298С) methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
12.50 BYN
When adenine (A) is replaced with cytosine (C), the gene’s enzyme activity decreases. Such carriage leads to hyperhomocysteinemia only in the case of joint carriage with the 677T allele of the same gene. Where the 677T allele is missing, homozygosity by the 1298C allele is not accompanied by either an increase in the concentration of total homocysteine or a decrease in a folate level in plasma, and it does not increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

MTHFR (С677Т) methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
12.50 BYN
The enzyme plays a key role in the metabolism of folic acid required for the growth and development of blood circulatory and immune systems. In individuals with T/T genotype, enzyme activity decreases to approximately 35% of the average value and hyperhomocysteinemia develops. The T/T genotype is a risk factor in the case of cardiovascular diseases. Such effects can be corrected by the additional intake of folic acid medications.

VEGF (G-634C) vascular endothelial growth factor A
25.00 BYN
VEGF plays an important role in the course of acute myocardial infarction facilitating angiogenesis and reendothelialization. The presence of the C allele increases the risk of CVD development in the case where there are such risk factors as diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia etc., and it also contributes to atherosclerosis progression.

ACE (Alu Ins/Del) angiotensin-converting enzyme gene
16.00 BYN
The gene is associated with the regulation of blood pressure, maintenance of water-salt homeostasis, and it identifies the risk of a number of cardiovascular pathologies. The D allele carriers have higher levels of ACE activity in plasma, in the heart muscle and in tissues, which may cause the development of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, post-infarction complications and arterial hypertension.

Coagulation genes

F1 (Thr312Ala) coagulation factor I gene
12.50 BYN
Blood coagulation factor I regulates the last stage of the coagulation cascade and influences the formation of a white thrombus. The Ala allele is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases’ emergence.

F13 (Val34Leu) coagulation factor XIII gene
12.50 BYN
It is a thrombin activated protein responsible for the stabilization of a fibrin thrombus. The Leu allele is protective and reduces the risk of thrombus formation.

F2 (G20210А) coagulation factor II gene — prothrombin
12.50 BYN
It is one of the main factors of the blood coagulation system. The presence of the “risk” allele A increases a prothrombin level in plasma by 30%; it increases the risk of venous thrombosis, ischemic stroke and thromboembolism (three-fold).

F5 (Arg506Gln) coagulation factor V gene. Leiden mutation
12.50 BYN
The gene product is responsible for the conversion of prothrombin into the active thrombin enzyme. The risk allele A «-» can be the basis for the development of the thrombosis of lower extremities’ veins and the cerebral vessels, an arterial thrombosis at a young age and an ischemic stroke. The heterozygous carriage is associated with a 2-7-fold increase of thrombosis risk; homozygous carriage – with a 40-80-fold increase.

PAI-1 (4G/5G) plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
25.00 BYN
It regulates fibrinolysis. An increase in the PAI-1 level during hypoxia leads to decreased fibrinolysis and the formation of a fibrin base for the growth of new blood vessels. One of the main components of the thrombolytic plasminogen-plasmin system plays an important role in establishing a predisposition to cardiovascular diseases. The 4G allele is associated with the risk of CVD development.

F11 (T/C rs2036914) coagulation factor XI gene
12.50 BYN
The gene encodes the blood coagulation factor 11 and is involved in the coagulation cascade by activating factor F9. An important function of FXI is to inhibit fibrinolysis by stimulating the production of thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor. The C allele is associated with deep vein thrombosis risk.

F11 (C/T rs2289252) coagulation factor XI gene
12.50 BYN
The gene encodes the blood coagulation factor 11 and is involved in the coagulation cascade by activating factor F9. The T allele is associated with the risk of various thromboses development.

FGG (C10034T) fibrinogen gamma chain
25.00 BYN
The FGG gene encodes fibrinogen gamma chain, which is one of three peptides forming fibrinogen subunits. Mutations in the FGG gene result in the impaired gamma chain synthesis, which is characterized by a complete absence of fibrinogen or its partial decrease in blood and leads to impaired blood clotting. The T allele is associated with the risk of venous thrombosis development.

Gp6 (A/G rs1613662) glycoprotein VI
25.00 BYN
Platelet interaction with collagen via the GP6 receptor results in platelet activation and adhesion, which are necessary for thrombus formation. The G allele is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases

Lipid metabolism genes

LDLR (7TA,8TA,10TA,11TA) low density lipoprotein receptor
39.00 BYN
It regulates the concentration of cholesterol from blood plasma. Low-density lipoprotein is the main representative of the class of plasma lipoproteins that carry cholesterol; its excess is one of the main risk factors of atherosclerosis. Alleles 8TA, 10TA and 11TA increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases’ development.

APOE (Cys112Arg; Arg158Cys) apolipoprotein E gen
50.00 BYN
It encodes a protein that plays a key role in lipid metabolism, including cholesterol; it is associated with lipid deposition in blood vessels. The presence of the E2 allele of the APOE gene is characterized by the increased levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood. Atherosclerosis is more likely to develop in people with the E2/E2 phenotype, as well as those with at least one of E4 alleles. Where two E4 copies are present, the risk is higher than in the case of one E4 copy (the risk of cardiovascular diseases’ development is three times higher).

Mandatory services

Mandatory service
4 BYN
Registration, escorting. Collection of biological material (buccal epithelium) of a person.

Mandatory service
14 BYN
Isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from a test sample.

Mandatory service
12 BYN
Development of a genetic passport based on the genetic testing results of your booked order.

- The genes marked with this symbol cannot be selected for testing separately from each other. Please contact us by phone for details.

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