DNA diagnostics for a predisposition to pregnancy loss

A unique technology for the quantitative assessment of miscarriage risk

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The most complex physiological process

Pregnancy development is a complex physiological process involving the genes of many body systems, in particular the genes of hemostasis (thrombosis), blood pressure regulation, angiogenesis (growth of new blood vessels) and the folate cycle. Therefore, we included the most important genes of all the systems (25 genes) in the genetic miscarriage risk assessment complex.

Quantitative assessment of miscarriage risk

We have developed a quantification method for a predisposition to pregnancy disorders, and now we can determine how many times the risk of pregnancy loss is increased (if increased!). This is of great importance for preventing pathology development as it allows medical specialists to correctly determine the required amount of individual therapeutic assistance to provide necessary conditions for successful child bearing and birth.

Does it really work?

In 2016-2017, we conducted a survey of women with recurrent pregnancy loss (more than two miscarriage cases) who underwent genetic testing with us. Based on the responses obtained, 85.2% of women successfully carried and gave birth to children. We have received many letters of gratitude from happy parents.

Only by a medical prescription?

A medical prescription is not a must. It is advisable to determine the risk of pregnancy loss when planning even the first pregnancy, as well as before the IVF procedure so that preventive measures can be taken, where necessary, and even the first pregnancy can be saved!

Genetic testing fees

Individual

_from 38 ^BYN

Testing of genes you have chosen yourself
Professor’s conclusion

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Compromise

251 ^BYN

Testing of 14 most frequently studied genes
Professor’s conclusion

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Full

471 ^BYN

Testing of 26 genes
Calculation of a personal quantitative miscarriage risk
Professor’s conclusion
Additionally, free genetic passport on a predisposition to thrombosis and hypertensive crises

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Offer a chance for genetic testing!!!. A gift certificate is a great and valuable thing!!! For more details, please contact us by phone.

FAQs

Is special preparation required before providing test material?

No, it is not necessary. There is no need to follow a diet or perform any other special actions before providing material for testing. Taking medications, alcohol etc. will not affect genetic testing results either.

How soon will test results be ready?

Up to 35 working days from the date of signing an agreement. In fact, much sooner: 2-3 weeks.

What do I need to have with me to submit material for testing?

You should have your passport and money on you. Minors must be accompanied by an adult.

What are your working hours?

Our working hours for clients with a booked appointment and providing test results.
On working days: Monday ‒ Thursday, from 9:00 till 17:30; on Fridays: from 9:00 till 16:30.
Days off: Saturday & Sunday.

What biological material is collected for testing and how?

For testing, buccal epithelium (epithelium of the inner part of your cheeks) is collected with a special cotton swab. It is done by a client himself or herself in the presence of a laboratory diagnostics doctor. Blood is not collected.

Can I send biological material for testing by post?

Yes, it is possible. Please follow the link for detailed instructions. The test results can be received in hard copy by mail to your home directly. Where DNA cannot be isolated from the sample provided, you will need to reimburse the cost of the reagents used.

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Accreditation

The Certificate of Conformity to STB ISO 9001-2015 No. BY/112 05.01. 077.01 00132 valid till December 3, 2026

License

License of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus for the right to provide medical services of June 17, 2011, No. 02040/6875

Certificate

Certificate of the Reference Institute for Bioanalytics, Bonn, Germany (Referenzinstitut für Bioanalytik, Bonn, Deutschland) issued on April 3, 2021

Functions of the studied genes

Blood pressure regulation genes

eNOS (4a/4b) endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene
16.00 BYN
An association of this polymorphism with habitual miscarriage was revealed; the 4a allele frequency is significantly higher in the case of habitual miscarriage than in the control. Genotypes 4b/4a are considered as undesirable variants.

eNOS (G894T) endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene
25.00 BYN
The T allele is associated with the development of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, including acute coronary insufficiency and a hemorrhagic stroke; as well as pregnancy complications. The gene polymorphism is associated with various obstetric pathologies, which are based on changes in the vascular tone (gestosis, placental insufficiency, intrauterine growth restriction, hypoxia or intrauterine fetal death).

PPARD (+294T/C) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta gene
25.00 BYN
The gene product is a transcriptional coactivator of a number of nuclear receptors, and by way of affecting them, it influences fatty acid oxidation, glucose utilization, thermogenesis and angiogenesis. Genotypes C/C and C/T are associated with a higher level of low-density lipoproteins, which is a risk factor of atherosclerosis and pregnancy pathology development; in particular, it causes fetal growth restriction.

PPARGC1A (G1564A) nuclear receptor coactivator PPAR
25.00 BYN
The gene product determines fat and carbohydrate metabolism. The allele A is associated with a decreased gene activity and the decreased intensity of oxidative processes and mitochondrial biogenesis in cells. A reliable increase in the prevalence of genotypes with the variant allele A of the PPARGC1A gene in a group of patients indicates that fat and carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy is disturbed and the development of placental insufficiency happens causing fetal growth restriction.

ACE (Alu Ins/Del) angiotensin-converting enzyme gene
16.00 BYN
The D allele carriers are characterized by the higher levels of angiotensin II activity — one of the most powerful biologically active substances increasing blood pressure. The D allele is found in women with habitual miscarriage and pregnancy complications (placental insufficiency, gestosis etc.).

APOE (Cys112Arg; Arg158Cys) apolipoprotein E gen
50.00 BYN
The APOE protein is an enzyme that plays an important role in lipid metabolism. The carriers of E1, E2 and E4 alleles are predisposed to lipid metabolism, circulatory disorders, as well as pregnancy loss.

AGTR1 (А1166С) angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene
25.00 BYN
The substitution of adenine (A) for cytosine (C) affects the functional activity of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Such changes may cause alterations in the proliferation of elements through the vascular wall, affect the regulation of vessel lumen and lead to their obstruction.

Angiogenesis system genes

EPO (G3876T) erythropoietin receptor gene
25.00 BYN
It is one of the most important factors of erythropoiesis and new blood vessels’ development. It mediates erythropoietin activity, leads to an increase in the supply of oxygen and nutrients to tissues, as well as the stimulation of metabolic, in particular anabolic, processes. This stimulates the growth of new blood vessels during placentation. The homozygote TT produces a negative effect on the placentation process.

HIF1A (C1772T) hypoxia-inducible factor
25.00 BYN
HIF1A is the main VEGF expression and secretion regulator — a vascular endothelial growth factor. The presence of the T/T variant reduces the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1A) resulting in decreased VEGF gene production. Thus, differences in ischemia-induced HIF-1 activation may underlie the observed diversity in VEGF expression and can be an important risk factor. A correlation has been found between the HIF-1 levels and the oocyte quality (it determines IVF success).

VEGF (G-634C) vascular endothelial growth factor A
25.00 BYN
Vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF plays a critical role in oocyte maturation and embryo implantation. The C/C variant predisposes to recurrent implantation failures during in vitro fertilization.

PAI-1 (4G/5G) plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
25.00 BYN
It regulates fibrinolysis. An increase in the PAI-1 level during hypoxia leads to decreased fibrinolysis. The 4G/4G allelic variant is associated with habitual miscarriage and an increased risk of severe gestosis. Hypoxia, a developmental delay and intrauterine fetal demise. The decreased likelihood of embryo implantation during IVF in the case of 4G/4G homozygote.

CYBA (C242T) cytochrome b gene
25.00 BYN
The substitution of cytosine (C) for thymine (T) leads to structural changes in the protein molecule along with a decrease in enzymatic activity. Such changes may lead to the development of endothelial dysfunction, moderate and severe preeclampsia.

Hemostasis system genes

F1 (Thr312Ala) coagulation factor I gene
12.50 BYN
It regulates the last stage of the coagulation cascade; influences the formation of a white thrombus. It is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases’ emergence.

F13 (Val34Leu) coagulation factor XIII gene
12.50 BYN
In the 34Leu allele carriers, the amount of fibrinase corresponds to normal values, but the activity of this enzyme is increased by 2-3 times. The 34Leu allele is observed in 51% of women with habitual miscarriage. The risk of habitual miscarriage is even higher in individuals who carry the allele in combination with the 4G/4G variant in the PAI-1 gene.

F2 (G20210А) coagulation factor II gene — prothrombin
12.50 BYN
The prothrombin gene mutation is a risk factor of many complications (miscarriage, fetoplacental insufficiency, intrauterine fetal demise, gestosis, fetal growth restriction and placental abruption). The mutation frequency in patients with early and late miscarriages is 4.2% and 3% respectively.

F5 (Arg506Gln) coagulation factor V gene. Leiden mutation
12.50 BYN
In women with the F5 mutation, thromboses in the placenta are found, which increases the risk of pregnancy complications: early miscarriage (the risk increases by three times), delayed fetal development, late toxicosis and fetoplacental insufficiency. The mutation prevents the successful implantation of embryos during IVF.

F7 (G10976A) coagulation factor VII gene — proconvertin
25.00 BYN
When the proconvertin level decreases, the formation of thrombin, which catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin with subsequent clot formation and bleeding cessation, slows down. In the case of the F7 gene AA genotype carriage, proconvertin effects are eliminated and bleeding becomes systemic. The presence of a heterozygous variant of the F7 gene polymorphism in a woman can lead to chorionic detachment in the first trimester of pregnancy.

F11 (T/C rs2036914) coagulation factor XI gene
12.50 BYN
The gene encodes the blood coagulation factor 11 and is involved in the coagulation cascade by activating factor F9. An important function of FXI is the inhibition of fibrinolysis by stimulating the production of thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor. The C allele is associated with deep vein thrombosis risk.

F11 (C/T rs2289252) coagulation factor XI gene
12.50 BYN
The gene encodes the blood coagulation factor 11 and is involved in the coagulation cascade by activating factor F9. The allelic variant T/T is associated with the risk of thrombosis in women.

FGG (C10034T) fibrinogen gamma chain
25.00 BYN
The FGG gene encodes fibrinogen gamma chain, which is one of three peptides that form fibrinogen subunits. An association of the allelic variant TT of the FGG fibrinogen gene with the risk of venous thrombosis development, including in women during pregnancy, has been shown. Fibrinogen deficiency can lead to chorionic/placental abruption.

ITGB3 (T1565C) integrin beta 3 binding protein
25.00 BYN
It is responsible for the interaction of platelets on the surface of which it is located with blood plasma fibrinogen, which leads to platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. The presence of the C allele of ITGB3 T1565C is associated with an increased frequency of habitual miscarriage – the risk of reproductive loss increases by 3.6 times.

ITGA2 (C807T) integrin subunit alpha 2
25.00 BYN
The ITGA2 gene encodes alpha-2-membrane glycoprotein; ensures the interaction of platelets with the damaged vascular wall, which is a required condition for the inclusion of subsequent chains of the blood coagulation system. The allelic variant T/T is associated with an increased rate of platelet adhesion, which may be a thrombophilia risk factor.

GP1BA (-5T>С) glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit
25.00 BYN
The polymorphism manifests itself as a single nucleotide substitution of thymine (T) for cytosine (C) in the untranslated region of the GP1BA gene, resulting in an amino acid substitution of Val28Ala. This variant leads to a regulatory sequence fault, which affects the efficiency of translation. The C allele, increasing the expression of GP1B on the platelet surface, increases the risk of thrombosis in the arterial bed, which may increase a miscarriage risk. In the European population, the frequency of the T allele is 5%. In general, the distribution of the C/C, C/T and T/T genotypes is 89%, 10% and 1% respectively.

Folate cycle genes

MTHFR (А1298С) methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
12.50 BYN
When adenine (A) is replaced with cytosine (C), the gene’s enzyme activity decreases. Such carriage leads to hyperhomocysteinemia only in case of joint carriage with the 677T allele of the same gene. Where the 677T allele is missing, homozygosity by the 1298C polymorphism is not accompanied by either an increase in the concentration of total homocysteine or a decrease in a folate level in plasma, but it is a risk factor of a spontaneous abortion. Such effects can be corrected by the additional intake of folic acid medications.

MTHFR (С677Т) methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
12.50 BYN
The enzyme plays a key role in the metabolism of folic acid required for the growth and development of blood circulatory and immune systems. In individuals with the T/T genotype, a decrease in enzyme activity to approximately 35% of the average value and the development of hyperhomocysteinemia occur. The T/T genotype is a risk factor in the case of cardiovascular diseases. Such effects can be corrected by the additional intake of folic acid medications.

MTR (А2756G) methionine synthase gene
25.00 BYN
The enzyme directly remethylates homocysteine. The nucleotide substitution of A for G is accompanied by a disruption of homocysteine remethylation, which leads to its increased level in blood plasma. Hyperhomocysteinemia increases the likelihood of thrombosis and can lead to premature placental abruption, preeclampsia and the termination of pregnancy. The adverse effects of this gene may be corrected by the additional intake of vitamin B12.

Mandatory services

Mandatory service
4 BYN
Registration, escorting. Collection of biological material (buccal epithelium) of a person.

Mandatory service
14 BYN
Isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from a test sample.

Mandatory service
12 BYN
Development of a genetic passport based on the genetic testing results of your booked order.

- The genes marked with this symbol cannot be selected for testing separately from each other. Please contact us by phone for details.

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