In women with the F5 mutation, thromboses in the placenta are found, which increases the risk of pregnancy complications: early miscarriage (the risk increases by three times), delayed fetal development, late toxicosis and fetoplacental insufficiency. The mutation prevents the successful implantation of embryos during IVF.
The gene product is responsible for the conversion of prothrombin into the active thrombin enzyme. The risk allele A «-» can be the basis for the development of the thrombosis of lower extremities’ veins and the cerebral vessels, an arterial thrombosis at a young age and an ischemic stroke. The heterozygous carriage is associated with a 2-7-fold increase of thrombosis risk; homozygous carriage – with a 40-80-fold increase.
Mutations of F2 and F5 genes (II and V blood coagulation factors) pose a serious risk to women taking oral contraceptives. The risk allele A of any of these genes can be the basis for the development of thrombosis of lower extremities’ veins and the cerebral (brain) vessels, arterial thrombosis at a young age, an ischemic stroke and pregnancy disruption. In women taking hormonal contraceptives, the risk of thrombosis with the AA genotype is increased by 30 times and with the GA genotype – by 6-9 times. The use of oral contraceptives is indicated in the case of normal GG genotypes by both genes.
The gene product is responsible for the conversion of prothrombin into the active thrombin enzyme. The risk allele A «-» can be the basis for the development of the thrombosis of lower extremities’ veins and the cerebral vessels, an arterial thrombosis at a young age and an ischemic stroke. The heterozygous carriage is associated with a 2-7-fold increase of thrombosis risk; homozygous carriage – with a 40-80-fold increase.