It is the main factor regulating adipocyte differentiation; it helps reduce insulin resistance and improve insulin secretion by beta cells. The Ala allele is an indicator of a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis.
The PPARG gene product regulates the activity of genes responsible for carbohydrate and fat metabolism. The presence of the Ala allele leads to the suppression of lipolysis in adipocytes, which reduces the level of circulating free fatty acids and increases the body's sensitivity to insulin, which increases glucose utilization.
The PPARG gene product is synthesized in adipose tissue, activates the proliferation of organelles that oxidize fatty acids and controls the differentiation of fat cells. The Ala allele is associated with a reduced predisposition to excess body weight and produces a protective effect against the growth of fat cells.
The product regulates the activity of genes responsible for carbohydrate and fat metabolism. The presence of the Ala allele increases the body's sensitivity to insulin and enhances its anabolic effect on skeletal muscles. Thus, the PPARG Ala allele carriers are more predisposed to speed/strength sports compared the Pro allele carriers since their muscles utilize glucose to a greater extent. Ala is the speed/strength allele.